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	<title>Comments on: The Genetics of Panic Disorder</title>
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	<link>http://www.highlighthealth.com/research/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/</link>
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		<title>By: Mendel&#8217;s Garden Issue #22: Change across developmental space and time &#171; Biomarker-driven mental health 2.0</title>
		<link>http://www.highlighthealth.com/research/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/comment-page-1/#comment-7807</link>
		<dc:creator>Mendel&#8217;s Garden Issue #22: Change across developmental space and time &#171; Biomarker-driven mental health 2.0</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 14 Sep 2008 22:09:08 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>[...] are never moreso than when it comes to human emotional development as noted by Walter in The Genetics of Panic Disorder posted at Highlight [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] are never moreso than when it comes to human emotional development as noted by Walter in The Genetics of Panic Disorder posted at Highlight [...]</p>
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		<title>By: Walter</title>
		<link>http://www.highlighthealth.com/research/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/comment-page-1/#comment-5823</link>
		<dc:creator>Walter</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 May 2008 13:46:18 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Hi Paul - you are not alone. Panic attacks that occur during sleep are termed &quot;nocturnal panic attacks&quot;. Nocturnal panic attacks are non-REM-related events that occur without an obvious trigger in 20 -- 40% of patients with panic disorder. I know you wrote that you&#039;ve taken &quot;every medical test available&quot;, but you need to see a specialist.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Paul &#8211; you are not alone. Panic attacks that occur during sleep are termed &#8220;nocturnal panic attacks&#8221;. Nocturnal panic attacks are non-REM-related events that occur without an obvious trigger in 20 &#8212; 40% of patients with panic disorder. I know you wrote that you&#8217;ve taken &#8220;every medical test available&#8221;, but you need to see a specialist.</p>
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		<title>By: Paul J. Guillotte</title>
		<link>http://www.highlighthealth.com/research/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/comment-page-1/#comment-5781</link>
		<dc:creator>Paul J. Guillotte</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 29 Apr 2008 19:18:21 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Thank you for publishing this article.  It was very helpful toward understanding the perameters and complexity of Panic Attacks.
My only problem is that none of the diagnosis included the attack that only comes during deep sleep, which is when I have them.  How do you prepare for something that you have no warning that it is going to happen.  It is the most frighteining event that I have ever had.  It has happened to me several times and in varying degrees of intensity.  After taking every medical test available to try and determine the cause, I finally decided to try a cure of my own.  I recalled that when I fell asleep sitting up, I never had an attack. So, I bought a recliner and slept in a half-sitting postion.  That was in the year 2000.  I did not have another attack until this past Monday morning at 4:00 am.  These attacks take so much out of me that now I live in fear of the next attack.  Do you have any idea as to why my attacks occur only while in a deep sleep?  I would very much appreciate any comments you may have about this.  Thank you.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you for publishing this article.  It was very helpful toward understanding the perameters and complexity of Panic Attacks.<br />
My only problem is that none of the diagnosis included the attack that only comes during deep sleep, which is when I have them.  How do you prepare for something that you have no warning that it is going to happen.  It is the most frighteining event that I have ever had.  It has happened to me several times and in varying degrees of intensity.  After taking every medical test available to try and determine the cause, I finally decided to try a cure of my own.  I recalled that when I fell asleep sitting up, I never had an attack. So, I bought a recliner and slept in a half-sitting postion.  That was in the year 2000.  I did not have another attack until this past Monday morning at 4:00 am.  These attacks take so much out of me that now I live in fear of the next attack.  Do you have any idea as to why my attacks occur only while in a deep sleep?  I would very much appreciate any comments you may have about this.  Thank you.</p>
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		<title>By: Walter</title>
		<link>http://www.highlighthealth.com/research/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/comment-page-1/#comment-4295</link>
		<dc:creator>Walter</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Feb 2008 04:56:46 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Thanks Sue!

Based on your comment, I did some searching on &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/a&gt; and found an interesting study:

People with fragile X syndrome have a great deal of anxiety and stress. The hormone cortisol is associated with stress and is produced and regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). A 2002 study was done to determine if children with fragile X have increased levels of cortisol. The investigation found that children with the syndrome, especially males, had higher levels of salivary cortisol.

Consistent with previous work documenting genetic and environmental influences on adrenocortical activity, significant family effects on salivary cortisol were detected. Increased cortisol was significantly associated with behavior problems in boys and girls with fragile X syndrome but not in their unaffected siblings.

However, whether the fragile X syndrome causes HPA regulation problems and contributes to anxiety-related problem in these children is not yet known.

&lt;h3&gt;Reference&lt;/h3&gt;
Hessl et al. Cortisol and behavior in fragile X syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2002 Oct;27(7):855-72.
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&amp;db=pubmed&amp;dopt=Abstract&amp;list_uids=12183220&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot;&gt;View abstract&lt;/a&gt;</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thanks Sue!</p>
<p>Based on your comment, I did some searching on <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/" rel="nofollow">PubMed</a> and found an interesting study:</p>
<p>People with fragile X syndrome have a great deal of anxiety and stress. The hormone cortisol is associated with stress and is produced and regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA). A 2002 study was done to determine if children with fragile X have increased levels of cortisol. The investigation found that children with the syndrome, especially males, had higher levels of salivary cortisol.</p>
<p>Consistent with previous work documenting genetic and environmental influences on adrenocortical activity, significant family effects on salivary cortisol were detected. Increased cortisol was significantly associated with behavior problems in boys and girls with fragile X syndrome but not in their unaffected siblings.</p>
<p>However, whether the fragile X syndrome causes HPA regulation problems and contributes to anxiety-related problem in these children is not yet known.</p>
<h3>Reference</h3>
<p>Hessl et al. Cortisol and behavior in fragile X syndrome. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2002 Oct;27(7):855-72.<br />
<a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&#038;db=pubmed&#038;dopt=Abstract&#038;list_uids=12183220" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">View abstract</a></p>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Sueblimely</title>
		<link>http://www.highlighthealth.com/research/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/comment-page-1/#comment-4246</link>
		<dc:creator>Sueblimely</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 10 Feb 2008 00:24:47 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description>Affected females and female carriers of Fragile X syndrome are likely to suffer from anxiety and panic disorders. About 1 in 226 women are carriers of the syndrome, caused by a fault on the X chromosome.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Affected females and female carriers of Fragile X syndrome are likely to suffer from anxiety and panic disorders. About 1 in 226 women are carriers of the syndrome, caused by a fault on the X chromosome.</p>
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	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Carnival of Mental Illness: Issue #4 &#171; All that I am, all that I ever was</title>
		<link>http://www.highlighthealth.com/research/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/comment-page-1/#comment-4021</link>
		<dc:creator>Carnival of Mental Illness: Issue #4 &#171; All that I am, all that I ever was</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 25 Jan 2008 16:49:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.highlighthealth.com/diseases-and-conditions/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/#comment-4021</guid>
		<description>[...] presents The Genetics of Panic Disorder posted at Highlight HEALTH saying, &#8220;Highlight HEALTH discusses the genetics of panic disorder [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] presents The Genetics of Panic Disorder posted at Highlight HEALTH saying, &#8220;Highlight HEALTH discusses the genetics of panic disorder [...]</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Mental Health Down Under: Issue #2 &#171; All that I am, all that I ever was</title>
		<link>http://www.highlighthealth.com/research/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/comment-page-1/#comment-4004</link>
		<dc:creator>Mental Health Down Under: Issue #2 &#171; All that I am, all that I ever was</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Jan 2008 18:53:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.highlighthealth.com/diseases-and-conditions/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/#comment-4004</guid>
		<description>[...] presents The Genetics of Panic Disorder posted at Highlight HEALTH &#8220;Highlight HEALTH discusses the genetics of panic disorder and [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] presents The Genetics of Panic Disorder posted at Highlight HEALTH &#8220;Highlight HEALTH discusses the genetics of panic disorder and [...]</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Mendel&#8217;s Garden Issue #22: Change across developmental space and time &#124; biomarker-driven mental health 2.0</title>
		<link>http://www.highlighthealth.com/research/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/comment-page-1/#comment-3734</link>
		<dc:creator>Mendel&#8217;s Garden Issue #22: Change across developmental space and time &#124; biomarker-driven mental health 2.0</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 Jan 2008 10:17:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.highlighthealth.com/diseases-and-conditions/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/#comment-3734</guid>
		<description>[...] are never moreso than when it comes to human emotional development as noted by Walter in The Genetics of Panic Disorder posted at Highlight [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] are never moreso than when it comes to human emotional development as noted by Walter in The Genetics of Panic Disorder posted at Highlight [...]</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Gene Genie #23: Paradise of Genomics &#171; ScienceRoll</title>
		<link>http://www.highlighthealth.com/research/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/comment-page-1/#comment-3725</link>
		<dc:creator>Gene Genie #23: Paradise of Genomics &#171; ScienceRoll</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 06 Jan 2008 21:41:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.highlighthealth.com/diseases-and-conditions/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/#comment-3725</guid>
		<description>[...] Walter Jessen at Highlight Health focuses on the genetics of panic disorder. [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] Walter Jessen at Highlight Health focuses on the genetics of panic disorder. [...]</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Brain Blogging&#44; Twenty-Fourth Edition &#124; GNIF Brain Blogger</title>
		<link>http://www.highlighthealth.com/research/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/comment-page-1/#comment-3710</link>
		<dc:creator>Brain Blogging&#44; Twenty-Fourth Edition &#124; GNIF Brain Blogger</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 04 Jan 2008 14:43:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.highlighthealth.com/diseases-and-conditions/the-genetics-of-panic-disorder/#comment-3710</guid>
		<description>[...] presents The Genetics of Panic Disorder posted at Highlight Health discusses the genetics of panic disorder and reviews a study published [...]</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[...] presents The Genetics of Panic Disorder posted at Highlight Health discusses the genetics of panic disorder and reviews a study published [...]</p>
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